Probability
Gr 12

The Grade 12 Probability module builds on earlier probability work and introduces learners to more advanced methods for analysing uncertain events. This chapter strengthens logical reasoning, improves analytical thinking, and prepares students for the level of probability required in senior examinations and university-level studies.

Learners revise fundamental concepts such as sample spaces, mutually exclusive events, and complementary events before progressing to more complex techniques. The lessons cover conditional probability, independent and dependent events, contingency tables, Venn diagrams with overlapping events, and probability calculations involving unions and intersections. Students also learn how to apply probability rules systematically, interpret real-world contexts, and work with multi-step scenarios using tree diagrams and formula-based reasoning.

By the end of this module, learners will be able to calculate probabilities accurately in both simple and compound situations, analyse relationships between events, and apply conditional probability techniques with confidence—equipping them with essential skills for advanced mathematics, statistics, and data-driven fields.